Rev. Esp. Pod. 2021; 32(2): 106-115 / DOI: 10.20986/revesppod.2021.1607/2021
Selene Ceprián Moreno, Víctor Manuel Jiménez Cano, Juan Miguel Caracuel López, Alfonso Martínez Nova
ABSTRACT
Objectives: The temperature of the skin of the foot can be a good indicator of the peripheral microcirculation in different areas and be a predictor of possible complications. Thus, with this study we have tried to investigate the differences in temperature that can be reflected in the feet of diabetic patients and see if there is a relationship according to the type of diabetes (type 1 and 2) and the type of foot it has.
Patients and methods: The sample consisted of 52 patients, to whom a thermographic photograph was taken. Nine plantar points were selected (heel, internal arch, external arch, first metatarsal head, third metatarsal head, fifth metatarsal head, first toe, third toe and fifth toe), and the average temperature of these areas was obtained.
Results: The highly pronated foot types presented higher temperature in the area of the internal arch (31.43 °C ± 2.98, p = 0.627) and lower temperature in the supinated foot type in the third toe area (23.37ºC ± 3.84, p = 0.116) on the right foot. In the left foot, the feet had a higher temperature in the area of the internal arch (30.90ºC ± 2.10, p = 0.194) and lower temperature in supinated feet in the area of the first toe (21.19ºC ± 4.83, p = 0.10).
Conclusion: In our study, no asymmetries were found between the zones within the feet of the same patient, nor between diabetic patients of type 1 and 2. This may be due to the fact that they are asymptomatic patients and without associated foot complications. Patients with the type of supinated, neutral or pronated foot present a higher temperature in the area of the internal arch, so it would be advisable to pay special attention in further studies.
RESUMEN
Objetivos: La temperatura de la piel del pie puede ser un buen indicador de la microcirculación periférica en diversas zonas y ser predictor de posibles complicaciones. Este trabajo pretende investigar las diferencias de temperatura que pueden reflejarse en los pies de pacientes diabéticos (tipo 1 y 2) y la relación de esta con el índice postural del pie.
Pacientes y métodos: La muestra se compuso de 52 pacientes diabéticos a los que se realizó una fotografía termográfica. Se seleccionaron nueve puntos plantares (talón, arco interno, arco externo, primera cabeza metatarsal, tercera cabeza metatarsal, quinta cabeza metatarsal, primer dedo, tercer dedo y quinto dedo), y se obtuvo la temperatura media de dichas zonas.
Resultados: Los tipos de pie altamente pronados presentaron mayor temperatura en la zona del arco interno (31.43 °C ± 2.98, p = 0.627) y menor temperatura en los tipos de pies supinados en la zona del tercer dedo (23.37 °C ± 3.84, p = 0.116) en el pie derecho. En el pie izquierdo presentaron mayor temperatura los pies pronados en la zona del arco interno (30.90 °C ± 2.10, p = 0.194) y menor temperatura en pies supinados en la zona del primer dedo (21.19 °C ± 4.83, p = 0.10).
Conclusión: En este estudio no se encontraron asimetrías entre las zonas dentro de los pies del mismo paciente ni tampoco entre pacientes tipo 1 y tipo 2. Esto puede ser debido a que son pacientes asintomáticos y sin complicaciones podológicas. Aquellos pacientes con el tipo de pie supinado, neutro o pronado presentan mayor temperatura en la zona del arco interno, por lo que sería recomendable poner especial atención en posteriores estudios.
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